Gielle vulcanized the label says Pure badger made in Italy For the manufacture of brushes, the precise quantity of bristles or hairs needed for a brush is first weighed, then, holding the bundle of bristles in the hand, so that the roots are all on one side, it is passed several times over a comb. Then they are placed, on the tip side (the one that has to work), in a V-shaped container which is vigorously slammed on the bench so that the ends are equal to the bottom. On the opposite side (of the root, which is the part that is tied) they are leveled with scissors, tied with two or three turns of strong string and pushed into the metal ring, in which there is the binder (glue, pitch or cement); then they are left to dry. If the binder is mastic gum, the operation is very delicate because it is necessary to carefully calculate the immersion time and the specific weight of the bath, so that the gum does not rise along the bundle of bristles, due to capillarity, beyond a given limit. Removed from the rubber and benzene bath, they are placed in stoves for vulcanization, an operation which is also rather delicate so as not to damage the bristles.
my latest acquisition..knot seems originat but may be an old restoration.after a borax/dawn/shampoo/conditioner treatment the knot appears soft and usable.